Uses Of Scripture Within Islam Essay - 1243 Words

Sarah LaBanc REL C 351 2 November 2016 One Does Not Simply Read The Qu’ran Use of Scripture Within Islam The center stage text for the Muslim community is the Qu’ran, which is a direct record of the revelations given to Muhammad in 610 C.E., by the angel Gabriel (Palmer, 1990). This text stands as the word of God and the proof of Muhammad’s prophethood. Originally, the words that were given to Muhammad were memorized and repeated word for word, then preached to others. Eventually, they were collected and record; therefore, the Qu’ran is the exact verbiage of God. Moreover, the Qu’ran has no reflection of the prophet Muhammad or his own personal thoughts, rather the text is considered â€Å"other than† (Palmer, 1990) Muhammad and represent the mind and will of Allah. As a result, muslims place divine authority and power in the words of the Qu’ran. First and foremost, the Qu’ran is used as an oral tradition, meaning the words are memorized and recited, which has led to a high prevalence of these words in almost all aspects of life in Islamic societies. In many cases, â€Å"one hears the sounds of recitation constantly at the market, in taxis, in government offices, in public schools, before and after television broadcasts, and in private homes† (Barker, 2011). Unlike the Bible, which covers a historical narrative with intermittent sermons which frame the coming of a Messiah, the Qu’ran has no narrative, however, it teaches practical principles for daily life. One man explained thatShow MoreRelatedMiddle East Beast By Joel Richardson1012 Words   |  5 Pagesstudying prophecy I wondered where Islam fit into the puzzle. There are developments that have happened in history like the discovery of America that the Bible just is not explicit about. The same can be said about the rise of Islam. Fact is, there are certain portions of scripture that I believe could pertain to America. Isaiah chapter 5:26-30 is an example. But caution must be used when interpreting any passage of scri pture. There is always a temptation to use eisegesis (imposing a meaning ontoRead MoreMiddle East Beast By Joel Richardson949 Words   |  4 Pagesthe beheading of the saints. Ever since I started studying prophecy I wondered where Islam fits into the puzzle. The Bible is not explicit regarding historical developments such as the discovery of America or Islam. Fact is, portions of Scripture could, in my opinion, pertain to America, e.g. Isaiah 5:26-30. But caution must be used when interpreting any passage of Scripture. There is always a temptation to use eisegesis (imposing a meaning onto a text) as opposed to exegesis (drawing meaning outRead MoreAbrahamic Religions With Similar Rituals And Practices Essay1606 Words   |  7 Pageshas a perspective of hatred from the Christian community. While Islam and Christianity are distinctively separate religions; they both stem from the same beginnings and are more alike than they may admit. Should they be considered separate Religions? Of course each religion, or denomination of a particular religion, has its own details in which make it unique. There will always be differences in each religion. When comparing Islam and Christianity, there are very distinct differences. An exampleRead MoreEssay on Bible vs. Quran1630 Words   |  7 Pagesimportance of religious establishments as additional resources used in teaching religion. Two of the world’s largest religions use faith-powered books, The Holy Bible and The Holy Quran, to educate members. The scriptures in these books have provided direction, spiritual guidance, and theologies from one generation to another, however, religious icons and historical occurrences within these books, when compared, are often contradictory, but have one major element in common: both believe its book is theRead MoreReligious Texts- Examining the Content of the Holy Bible and the Holy Quran1621 Words   |  7 PagesThe Holy Bible. Two of the world’s largest religions use faith-powered books such as the Holy Bible and the Holy Quran, to educate their members. Scriptures in these books have provided religious history, given spiritual guidance, and established moral theologies passed down from one generation to another. Still religious icons and historical occurrences within these books, when compared are often similar and contradictory in many scriptures. Equally important, these books have one major elementRead MoreSimilarities and Causes for Unfamilirity between Christianity and Islam1566 Words   |  7 PagesThe majority of religions use cultural narratives, iconography, and sacred histories to elucidate the radix and meaning of not only life but also the universe. Devotees of a certain religion derive their morals, values, beliefs, and life choices from their respective indoctrinated convictions. Currently, there are approximately 4 thousand varying religions that an individual may subscribe to. Howe ver, I am only going to address two of the most dominant faith traditions; Islam and Christianity. RegardlessRead MoreThe Pillar Of Religion Forms1444 Words   |  6 Pagesnegligible. The numerous religions that exist globally refer to the scriptures that justify the maintenance of peace in a situation where fights and battles are experienced. This paper discusses the importance of religious values when it comes to the subject of war and peace. The common denominator with the wide array of religious denominations that exist in the universe is the fact that they obtain their guiding point from their revered scriptures. â€Å"It is through the latter that people can gain an in-depthRead MoreIslam Is A Religion Based On The Interpretation And Application Of Fundamental Scriptures2330 Words   |  10 PagesIslam is a religion based on the interpretation and application of fundamental scriptures geared towards the need of a growing, modernizing religious community. The Qur’an and the Prophet Mohammed’s Sunnah and hadith serve as the main sources for attaining religious knowledge. Scholars of Islam, Ulema, delegated a mechanism in which they can gain knowledge after they have consulted the Quran and Sunnah through ijtihad and qiyas. The flexibility with which they can use reason, ijtihad, and analogiesRead MoreThe History Of Islam And Islam1247 Words   |  5 PagesThe History of Islam Islam is a religion that was founded in 622 C.E. Its origin is traced to the Arabian Peninsula, and currently has an estimated 1.5 billion followers’ worldwide. The sacred texts that are associated with Islam is the Qur’an and Allah is the Deity they pay homage to. Muslims believe that there is only one true God and several time per day, they stop everything to participate in prayer rituals. The region, in which Islam was founded, was a melting pot of religious beliefs. ThereRead MoreThe Western And Western Traditions924 Words   |  4 PagesReligions from around the world all have an ultimate goal that they want to achieve within their lifetime, whether it is reaching enlightenment or getting your will in line with God. The following statement claims that the Eastern and Western traditions only have two goals in life and lumps all religions in each region together, â€Å"You Abrahamic faiths are all the same, being religious is an act of will, getting your will in ri ght alignment with God. For us in the East, it is not about will, it is

Legal, Social, Ethical And Professional Issues - 1581 Words

DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORKS AND METHODS Answers for C1 and C2 JANUARY 1, 2016 LUCAS FERREIRA GUIMARAES 000810567-7 Lucas Ferreira Guimaraes -- Student ID No. 000810567-7 1 Contents Legal, Social, Ethical and Professional Issues .......................................................................... 2 Section C1 ............................................................................................................................................ 2 BCS Codes of Conduct and British computer society ............................................................................ 4 Section C2†¦show more content†¦If it happens a website store doesn?t have data controller to manage the confidentiality of the system that could put PE customers at risk and their data may get misused by third parts. One of the ways to keep the data protected would be encryption, it ensures only the right people who knows the key can read the information inside the encryption. Another way of protecting would be to enforce file permission and access control to restrict access to the customer?s information. Integrity of Information It refers to protect PE customers Information from being modified by unauthorized party from outside the company. Also it assurance that the data given are accurate, no alteration should be changed from the data that the customer?s will be filling in, is very important to maintain the integrity of data for the new store system in PE in order to have a secure and successful ecommerce website. Each year that passes the Lucas Ferreira Guimaraes -- Student ID No. 000810567-7 3 growth in the internet has been massive also the computer crime has grown. Hackers are gaining unauthorised access to computer systems with intent. As mentioned before in order to protect that from happening a data controller will be there to protect the data from been modified and make sure that all data are secure out of data leak. 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Brief History of Computer by Ajiboye Daud Free Essays

LITERATURE REVIEW OF COMPUTER HARDWARE Computers have evolved from the fundamental principles of mathematical calculation and language processing. The computing systems of today are an outcome of the efforts and intellect of mathematicians, logicians, linguists and technologists from all over the world. Computer history comprises the evolutionary journey of computing systems, the timeline of operating systems as well as the history behind the development of a wide variety of computer software and hardware. We will write a custom essay sample on Brief History of Computer by Ajiboye Daud or any similar topic only for you Order Now Bellow is the computer history in brief and the evolution of computers. How did the different types of computers evolve? Here is a brief overview of the progress of computing technology from calculators of the 18th century right up to the modern-day digital portable computers. Year| Technology Used| Before 1801| Calculators were the earliest computing devices. They were the only computation tools for long years before the creation of computers. | 1801| The years that followed were dominated by the use of punched cards for computing. The users used to submit programming assignments to a computer centre using stacks of cards. The programs used to be queued for processing and execution. | 1930 – 1960| Desktop mechanical calculators were built during the 1930s. During the 1950s and the ’60s, electronic desktop calculators came up. Analog computational technologies predominated this period. | 1940 – 1960| This span of time witnessed the emergence of the digital computing technology. Zuse Z3, ENIAC and EDSAC were some of the early digital computers. * First-generation computers were based on the von Neumann architecture. * The second generation computers were characterized by the replacement of vacuum tube by bipolar transistors. They were composed of printed circuit boards. | After 1960| These years witnessed the development of the third generation computers. They were based on integrated circuits. Computer systems of this period had large storage capacities and high processing powers. Multi-core CPUs became available in the 21st century. Laptops, palmtops, handheld PCs, notebook computers and tablet PCs are popular today. Computer development still continues. | Let us now look at the history and timeline of computing systems. Before moving ahead, it will be interesting to know when was the first computer made! Year| Event| 2400 BC| Abacus, the first known calculator was invented in Babylonia. It was a major step towards the era of computing that was to follow. 500 BC| Panini, an ancient Indian Sanskrit grammarian came up with the predecessor of the modern formal language theory. | 300 BC| Pingala invented the binary number system that serves as the foundation of computing systems the world over. | 1614| John Napier designed the system of movable rods, which used algorithms to perform the basic mathematical operations. | 1622| William Oug htred invented slide rules. | 1822| Charles Babbage devised the first mechanical computer. | 1937| John V. Atanasoff devised the first digital electronic computer| 1939| Atanasoff and Clifford Berry came up with the ABC prototype. 1941| The electromechanical Z machines by Konrad Zuse proved being an important step in the evolution of computers. | 1943| Colossus, which was able to decode German messages, was designed at Bletchley Park in Britain. | 1944| Harvard Mark I, a computer with lesser programmability was designed. | 1945| John von Neumann described a stored program architecture, for the first time ever. This architecture was the heart of the computer systems developed thereafter. This architecture, which came to be known as the von Neumann architecture is a part of every computer till today. 1946| The Ballistics Research Laboratory of the United States came up with the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC). It was the first general purpose electronic computer; but had an inflexible architecture. | 1950| The US National Bureau of Standards came up with the Standards Electronic/Eastern Automatic Computer (SEAC). It was the first computer using diodes for handling logic. | 1951| Lynos Electronic Office (LEO), the first business computer was developed by John Simmons and T. Raymond Thompson. UNIVAC I, the first commercial computer was designed in the United States by John Presper Eckert and John W. Mauchly. EDVAC, the electronic discrete variable automatic computer was introduced. | 1955| Bell Labs introduced its first transistor computer. Transistors made computers energy-efficient. | 1958| Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) was formed. This year also witnessed the making of the first silicon chip by Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce. | 1968| DEC launched the first mini computer known as PDP-8| 1969| The US Department of Defense founded the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET). It was established with intent to develop a computer network and is the predecessor of the Internet. 1971| Microcomputers came up with microprocessors and Ted Hoff at Intel, introduced 4-bit 4004. | 1972| This year witnessed the creation of 8080 microprocessors by Intel. | 1973| A minicomputer that was called Xerox Alto was developed during this year. It was an important milestone in the development of personal computers. | 1974| Researchers at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center came up with Alto, which was the first workstation with an inbuilt mouse. It had a fair amount of storage capacity and offered menus and icons. It could also connect to a network. 1975| Altair came up with the first portable computer. The foundation of the present-day relationship between portability and computing was laid way back in 1975! Tandem computers, the first computers with online transaction processing capacities were born during this period. | 1979| By 1979, more than half a million computers were in use in the United States. This number crossed 10 million by 1983. | 1981| The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) was founded. It was during the same year that the first 32-bit chip was introduced by Hewlett-Packard. | 1982| Intel announced the 80286 processor. 1983| In this year, the Time magazine nominated personal computer for the title ‘machine of the year’. | 1985| Intel introduced the 80386 processor that consists of a 16MHz processor. | 1990| The World Wi de Web was born. Tim Berners-Lee, a researcher at CERN, developed HTML. He came up with specifications such as URL and HTTP. He based the World Wide Web on enquiry-based system that used hypertext and enabled people to collaborate over a network. His first web server and browser became available to the public. | Till date| The development of newer versions of computer systems continues. | An operating system is that software component of a computer system, which deals with the management of the different computer processes and the sharing of computer resources. It hosts computer applications and handles computer hardware. Take a look at the major events in the history of operating systems. Before going ahead, you might like to take a quick look at the different types of operating systems. Year| Event| 1954| MIT came up with their operating system for UNIVAC 1103. | 1964| Dartmouth timesharing operating system was developed. | 1965| Multics was announced. However, it was opened for paying customers in October 1969. 1966| DOS/360 of IBM came up. | 1969| This year witnessed the development of the Unix operating system by AT;T. | 1976| CP/M was developed during this year. | 1980| OS-9 came up in 1980. | 1981| This year can be considered fortunate to have witnessed the development of MS-DOS. IBM had hired Paul Allen and Bill Gates to create an operating system in 1980. The y used the operating system manufactured by the Seattle Computer Products as a template to develop DOS. | 1984| Macintosh operating system came up in this year. | 1987| It was during this year that MINIX, BSD2000 and OS/2 were developed. 1988| RISC iX, LynxOS and Macintosh OS (System 6) came up during this year. | 1989| This was the time when the RISC operating system was developed. | 1991| It was in 1991 that Linux came up. It is a Unix-like operating system, which is a free software. It was during this year that Minix 1. 5 was developed and Macintosh came up with System 7. | 1992| Solaris, the successor of Sun OS 4. X came up during this year. | 1993| Plan 9, FreeBSD, NetBSD and Windows NT 3. 1 came up during 1993. | 1995| OpenBSD and Microsoft Windows 95 came up during 1995 | 1996| Windows NT 4. 0 hit the computing market in 1996. | 998| 1998 witnessed the release of Windows 98 as well of Solaris 7. | 2000| Windows 2000, which hit the markets in 2000, was the first Windows server operating system to drop the ‘NT’ suffixed to its name. Windows ME, which was sold during this year, was the last operating system in the Windows 9x line. Red Hat Linux 6. 2E also came up during 2000. | 2001| Windows XP was launched and soon gained a wide popularity. Windows XP 64-bit edition followed in 2002. | 2002| Windows XP Service Pack 1 was released in 2002. | 2003| 2003 witnessed the launch of the Windows 2003 Server as also the release of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3. 2004| Windows XP Service Pack 2 was released in 2004. | 2006| Windows Vista hit the markets| 2008| Windows Vista Service Pack 1 and Windows Server 2008 came up in 2008. It was also during this very year that Windows XP Service Pack 3 was released. | Computers have always been the most efficient computational devices. They have high processing powers and are able to run and execute large programs. Programming languages serve as the means to write programs on computer systems. Thus, it is important t o look at the timeline of the development of some of the major programming languages. Following is an overview of the important events in the history of computer languages. Year| Programming Language Developed| Before 1950| The ENIAC coding system was primarily used in computing| 1954-54| Fortran â€Å"0† was designed by a team at IBM. Fortran Implementation was developed by John Backus at IBM in 1957. | 1956-58| John McCarthy came up with the concept of LISP. | 1959| COBOL concept came up followed by its implementation that was developed by the Codasyl Committee in 1960. The LISP implementation was developed in 1959. LISP’s successor, Common LISP, came up later in 1984. 1964| IBM came up with PL/I concept. PL/M followed years later in 1972. 1964 also saw the development of BASIC by Kemeny and Kurtz. | 1969| Ken Thompson developed the B language. | 1970| This was when Pascal was developed. | 1972| It was during 1972 that Smalltalk and Prolog were developed. One of the most important events in the history of computing was the development of C language. It was developed by Dennis Ritchie in 1972. | 1975| Scheme, the successor of LISP came up in 1975 as also Modula, the successor of Pascal. | 1978| SQL was developed at IBM in 1978. | 1979| REXX and AWK came up in 1979. 1980-83| C with classes was developed in 1980. Objective-C came up in 1982. 1983 witnessed the development of C++, one of the very popular languages till date. | 1985| PostScript and Object Pascal belong to 1985. | 1987| Perl that derives some of its features from C, as also from AWK, sed and sh evolved in 1987. | 1991| Van Rossum came up with Python. Visual Basic, developed by Alan Cooper, came up in the same year. | 1993| Ruby, which is considered a successor of Smalltalk and Perl, came up in 1993. | 1994| PHP was born in 1994. | 1995| ColdFusion belongs to 1995. It was during this year that James Gosling at Sun Microsystems came up with Java. | 1996| Javascript was born in this year. ECMAScript, its successor came up in 1997. | 1999| XSLT, a language based on XML by the W3C and the Game Maker Language by Mark Overmars were born in 1999. | 2000| The D language and C# came up in 2000. | 2006| The development of Windows PowerShell by Microsoft was one of the significant events in computing that took place in 2006. | Looking at the speedily advancing computing technology, we can surely say that the future of computers is going to be as glorious as their history. How to cite Brief History of Computer by Ajiboye Daud, Papers